Icon LinkDefining the ABI

Next, we will define our ABI. ABI stands for Application Binary Interface. In a Sway contract, it serves as an outline of all the functions within the contract. For each function, you need to specify its name, input types, return types, level of storage access, and if it's payable.

The ABI for our contract is structured as follows. Write the ABI provided below into your main.sw file:

abi SwayStore {
    // a function to list an item for sale
    // takes the price and metadata as args
    #[storage(read, write)]
    fn list_item(price: u64, metadata: str[20]);
 
    // a function to buy an item
    // takes the item id as the arg
    #[storage(read, write), payable]
    fn buy_item(item_id: u64);
 
    // a function to get a certain item
    #[storage(read)]
    fn get_item(item_id: u64) -> Item;
 
    // a function to set the contract owner
    #[storage(read, write)]
    fn initialize_owner() -> Identity;
 
    // a function to withdraw contract funds
    #[storage(read)]
    fn withdraw_funds();
 
    // return the number of items listed
    #[storage(read)]
    fn get_count() -> u64;
}

Don't be worried about understanding the specifics of each function at this moment. We will dive into detailed explanations in the "Functions" section.

Icon LinkFunctions Structure

A function is defined using the fn keyword. In Sway, snake case is the convention, so instead of naming a function myFunction, you would name it my_function.

If the function returns a value, its return type must be defined using a skinny arrow. Additionally, if the function has parameters, their types must also be specified. Semicolons are required at the end of each statement.

If a function either reads from or writes to storage, you need to specify the access level above the function using annotations like #[storage(read)] or #[storage(read, write)].

For functions that are expected to receive funds when called, such as the buy_item function, the #[payable] annotation is required.